Task 1
Using the given information, make sentences using now that
1. Peggy used to take the bus to school, but last week she bought a car. Now she can drive to school.
now that peggy has a car, she can drive to school.
2. You just had your sixteenth birthday. Now you can get a driver's license.
3. We have to wear warm clothes. It's winter now.
4. Bob used to live in the dorm, but a couple of weeks ago he moved into apartment. Now he can cook his own food.
5. John used to be overweight, but recently he has lost twenty pounds. He looks better and he feels better.
Task 2
Complete the following
1. As long as it's such a nice day, why don't................................................
2. As long as the movie is free, let's............................................................
3. As long as it's raining, i'll........................................................................
4. As long as the coffee is made, I guess I'll.................................................
5. As long as you're here, why don't............................................................
Task 3
Combine the following sentences using conjunction showing cause and effect
1. Monday is Bob's birthday. Let's give him a party.
2. Monday is a national holiday. All government offices will be closed.
3. The guys I live with don't know any Arabic. I have to speak English with them.
4. Oil is an irreplaceable natural resource. We must do whatever we can in order to conserve it.
5. Mary, maybe you could help me with this calculus problem. You're a math major.
Task 4
The followings are other ways of showing cause and effect relationships.
Underline the words or phrases that show cause and effect relationships.
1. a. Because the weather was nice, we went to the zoo.
b. It was such nice weather that we went to the zoo.
c. The weather was so nice that we went to the zoo.
2. It was such good coffee that I had another cup.
3. It was such a foggy day that we couldn't see the road.
4. The coffee is so hot that I can't drink it.
5. I'm so hungry that I could eat a horse.
Notes :
- No. 1 a,b and c have the same meaning
- Such + Adjective + Noun + that
- So + Adjective/Adverb + that
- So...that..,can be used with many,few,much, and little.
Activity 2
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
TELEVISION
Many people are worried about what televition has done to the generation of American children who have grown up watching it.
For one thing, recent studies tend to show that TV stifles creative imagination.
Some teacher fewel that televition has taken away the child's ability to form mental pictures in his own mind,
resulting in children who cannot understand a simple story without visual ilustrations.
Secondly, too much TV too early tends to cause children to withdraw from real-life experiences.
Thus, they grow up to be passive spectators who can only respond to action, but not initiate it.
The third area for concern in the serious complaint frequently made by elementary school teachers that children exhibit a low tolerance for the frustrations of learning.
Because they have been conditioned to see all problems resolved in 30 or 60 minutes on TV,
they are quickly discouraged by any activity that promises less  that instant grafitication.
But, perhaps the most serious result is the impact of televition violence ob children,
who have come to regard it as an everyday thing.
Not only does this increase their tolerance of violent behavior in others.
but most authorities now concede that under certain conditions, some children will imitate anti-social acts that they witnes on television.
Task 1
Complete the following table.
Area	Cause	Effect
1. Creativity		Children cannot understand a simple story without visual illustration.
2. Passivity	Children withdraw from real life at an early age.
3. Impatience		Children exhibit a low tolerance for the frustrations of learning.
4. Violence	Children witness violence on television.
Task 2
Using your own words retell the disadvantages of Television to Children.
Task 3
Developing arguments based on the passage above.
Activity 3
Job Discrimination
Why is it that American working women complain about job discrimination?
Statistics suggests that there is a basis for their grievances.
According to recent figures compiled by the women's Bureau of the U.A. Department of labor,
nearly 40 percent of all women is higher than that of their male counterparts,
women are highly concentrated in underpaid and menial jobs: 75 percent of all clerical workers are women;
55 percent of all service workers are women; 27 percent of all factory worker are women.
of the women withaut college degress, 70 percent are working.
Of this number, only 2 percent are executives, while 40 percent are employed in clrical, sales, or factory positions.
Their medium income is only 51 percent of that of men.
Only twenty-five states have laws requiring equal pay for equal workand these laws are often circumvented by giving a women a lesser title.
In contrast, forty-three states have laws which limit the number of hours a women can work (usually eight)
and thereby prevent women from earning overtime pay and promotions.
finally, while the percentage of women in the labor force increases,
the income gap between male and female workers has been widening at the rate of 0,5 percent per year for the past twenty years.
Causes	Effect
1. Women in general have a higher  medien education than men, but are employed in menial jobs (clerical, service, factory).
2. Women with degress....
3. State laws.....................................................	Complains of job discrimination by women.
Activity 4
Reading Comprehension.
Should school children take part-time jobs?
Editor          : This month our panel looks at part-time jobs.Are they good for school children or not?
Headmaster : Devinitely not. Children have got two full-time jobs.
Are they good for school children or not?
Mrs. Barnes : I agree. I know school hours are short, but there's homework as well.And children need a lot of sleep.
Mr. Barnes   : Young children perhaps, but some boys stay at school until they are eighteen or nineteen.
A part-time job can't harm them. In fact, it's good for them.
They earn their pocket-money instead of asking their parents for it.
And they see something of the world outside school.
Businessman: You're absolutely right. Boys learn a lot from a part-time job.
And we mustn't forget that some families need extra money.
If the pupils didn't take part-time jobs they couldn;t stay at school.
Editor          : Well, we seem to be equally divided: two for, and two agains. What do our readers think?
Task 1
Answer the following questions.
1. Who are the members of the panel?
2. What are they discussing?
3. Why does the headmaster think part-time jobs are bad? Who agrees?
4. Does husband agree with her?
5. What's his opinion about part-time jobs for older pupils?
6. Does the businessman agree with Mr. Barnes or with hte headmaster?
7. In what way does he think part-time jobs are useful?
Task 2
make summary of the discussion above using the following clues:
State the case FOR(agree) :
1. good for older boys-earn pocket money, don't ask parents.
2. See world, learn a lot.
3. Help their families-extra money, help themselves-can afford to stay at school.
State the case AGAINST :
1. Bad for children-two jobs already : growing up, going to school.
2. Children- a lot of sleep ; part-time jobs-tired, sleep in class.
3. School hours short, but homework. Education important, not money.
Task 3
What do you think?
1. Is growing up a job? Why/why not? What about going to school?
2. Do children need a lot of sleep? Why do some pupils fall asleep in class?
3. Is it better to earn pocket-money or to be given it? Why?
4. What can you learn from a job that you can't learn at school?
5. The speakers only mention boys. Should girls take part-time jobs? Why/why not?
6. Part-time jobs can be done at different times-before school/after school/at weekends/in the holidays.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of these times?
7. Here are some part-time jobs: cleaning cars/helping in a shop/looking after children/helping in the garden.
If you wanted a part-time job, which would you choos and why?
8. Have you ever fallen asleep in class? What happened?
9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of staying at school until you are eighteen or nineteen?
10. In most countries it is more common for students at college or university to take part-time jobs
than school children. Can you suggest why?
Task 4
Give solution with your argument to the following problem.
Mario is sixteen and very clever. His teacher thinks he can win a scholarship to university.
BUT hsis father is ill and there are three younger children.If mario left school he could get a job and help his family.
Should he leave school or not? Give your explanation to support your argument.
Activity 5
Listen to the following short talk and answer the questions.
Questions :
1. The author is talking about the diseases of heart and circulation among people who..........
a. Work too hard.
b. Smoke cigarettes.
c. Live alone.
d. Have low blood pressure.
2. What causes blood vessels to contract?
a. The absence of tobacco in bloodstream.
b. The presence of tobacco in bloodstream.
c. The presence of tobacco in cigarettes.
d. The absence of tobacco in society.
3. What causes the shortness of breath?
a. Tobacco in the bloodstream helps hemoglobin to release oxygen.
b. Tobacco in the bloodstream reduces the ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen.
c. Tobacco in the bloodstream reduces the ability of hemoglobin to release nitrogen.
d. Tobacco in the bloodstream increases the ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen.
4. The lack of oxygen forces the heart to....
a. Beat faster.
b. Beat slower.
c. Be attacked.
d. Grow bigger.
Activity 6
PICTURES
Directions : For each picture you will hear four statement A, B, C, or D.
Choose the statement which best described the picture.